chapter 1 – Essay Question Review - Computer Science Fsu

ane.	The internet effect of photosynthesis, chemically, is reduction, leading to the formation of which products?
		a. Carbon dioxide and carbohydrates
		b. Carbon dioxide and protein
		c. Oxygen and carbohydrates
		d. Oxygen and ATP
The reactants in the process of photosynthesis are carbon dioxide and h2o. Sunlight is needed for the reactions to occur. The products of photosynthesis are oxygen and glucose, a uncomplicated carbohydrate. ATP is used in photosynthesis just is neither a reactant nor a product. ATP is produced in a unlike process chosen cellular respiration. Incorrect answer. Please cull another answer.

2.	A jail cell membrane is ______________?
		a. Permeable
		b. Semipermeable
		c. Nonpermeable
		d. None of the in a higher place.
A cell membrane is a thin layer of molecules that surrounds the cell. Its function is to let certain materials to enter the cell, still, keep harmful materials out. In lodge to do this, the cell controls which substances can enter the cell through the membrane. The prison cell membrane is selectively permeable (or semipermeable), which means that certain molecules, such as oxygen and water, are permitted to enter the cell. Molecules that are not recognized equally helpful are non able to pass through the membrane. Incorrect answer. Delight choose another respond.

3.	A cell uses which of the following to accelerate chemic reactions enabling its metabolic machinery to operate?
		a. Centrasome
		b. Lysosome
		c. Golgi apparatus
		d. Enzymes
Enzymes are catalysts, chemicals that speed up chemical reactions. The atmospheric condition inside near cells do not allow reactions to proceed chop-chop enough to support life. For example, temperatures inside organisms are non hot enough for chemical reactions to have place quickly. Enzymes increase the rates of biological chemic reactions. Incorrect answer. Please choose some other answer.

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iv.	Which of the post-obit is not part of the metabolic sequence?
		a. Photosynthesis
		b. Respiration
		c. Hydoplasm
		d. Digestion
Inside cells, sequences of chemical reactions take identify to support life. These sequences are known as metabolic pathways. Photosynthesis, respiration, and digestion are all examples of metabolic pathways, or sequences. Photosynthesis is the metabolic pathway that produces oxygen and glucose in organisms with chlorophyll. Respiration breaks down molecules called ATP for cells to use as energy. Digestion breaks down food to be used to make energy in the class of ATP. Hydroplasm is not a known metabolic sequence. Incorrect answer. Please choose another answer.

5.	Which of the post-obit are Non organelles found in creature cells?
		a. Nucleus and golgi apparatus
		b. Cellular membrane and cytoplasm
		c. Mitochondria and ribosomes
		d. Chloroplast and cardinal vacuole
Chloroplasts and central vacuole are important organelles in plant cells. Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll and are the site of photosynthesis. Cardinal vacuoles are used to store water in found cells. All the other organelles listed are important to the role of animal cells and plant cells. Incorrect respond. Please choose another reply.

6.	Light initiates different types of cellular reactions. Which of the following responses to light converts the energy from calorie-free into a gain of potential free energy?
		a. Phototaxis
		b. Photoperiodism
		c. Photosynthesis
		d. All of the above
Photosynthesis is the process establish cells use to convert oxygen, water and sunlight into a usable grade of free energy. The product of photosynthesis is glucose (sugar) molecules. Glucose molecules are a form of potential energy that tin can be broken downwardly by an organism to produce energy in the form of ATP molecules. Wrong answer. Please choose another answer.

7.	The functional unit of measurement of heredity is the _____________.
		a. Factor
		b. Chromosome
		c. Protein
		d. Nucleus
A gene is the basic unit of heredity. Genes are made of DNA sequences and act as instructions for making proteins (although non all genes make proteins). Genes are found on chromosomes. Chromosomes are located in a prison cell's nucleus. Incorrect answer. Delight cull another respond.

8.	DNA exists in the form of __________ strands of DNA coiled about each other.
		a. Double
		b. Triple
		c. Quadruple
		d. Quintuple
Deoxyribonucleic acid is made of 2 strands of nucleotides (bones units of Dna). The DNA molecule looks like a twisted ladder and is referred to every bit a double helix.  Each nucleotide contains a carbohydrate molecule and a phosphate group, forth with a nitrogen base. The sugar molecules and phosphate groups make upwardly the sides of the ladder, and the nitrogen bases brand upwards the "steps" of the ladder. Incorrect answer. Please choose another reply.

9.	Genes are located within the cytoplasm of the cell.
		Nucleus
		Mitochondria
		Cytoplasm
		Endoplasmic reticulum
Genes are sequences of DNA on a chromosome. All Dna is located inside a cell'southward nucleus. Incorrect answer. Please cull another answer.

10.	Genetic information is transferred from the nucleus to cytoplasm past fashion of _______________.
		a. Muriatic acid
		b. Dexyribonucleic acid
		c. Ribonucleic acrid
		d. Amino acrid
Messenger RNA (ribonucleic acid) transfers genetic information from the DNA in a cell'due south nucleus to ribosomes. In the ribosome, the information coded onto messenger RNA is used to brand proteins. Incorrect answer. Please choose some other reply.

11.	When sexual reproduction occurs in multicellular organisms, a procedure takes place before cells fuse whereby a cell is left with half of its chromosomes, enabling the creation of a cell with a characteristic chromosome number. What is this process called?
		a. Osmosis
		b. Meiosis
		c. Anabolism
		d. Differentiation
During meiosis, gametes (sex cells) are formed by reducing the number of chromosomes found in somatic (body) cells by one half. This occurs then that when two gametes, one from each parent, fuse together, the embryo will incorporate the correct number of chromosomes. Without meiosis, offspring cells would incorporate double the number of chromosomes of normal adults and they would non exist viable. Wrong reply. Please choose another answer.

12.	Which of the following represents the largest grouping of biological nomenclature?
		a. Kingdom
		b. Species
		c. Form
		d. Genus
Biology uses a system of classification to group organisms together based on their characteristics. The levels of classification, from largest (most inclusive) to smallest (most specific), include domain, kingdom, phylum, grade, social club, family, genus, species. Wrong answer. Please cull another answer.

13.	There are 2 types of cells, eukaryotic and prokaryotic. Which of the following cellular structures are found in both types of jail cell?
		Deoxyribonucleic acid
		Golgi apparatus
		Mitochondria
		Chloroplast
Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells both incorporate Dna. Prokaryotic cells are establish in bacteria and their structure is much more than uncomplicated than eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotic cells accept a few simple cellular structures such as a nucleoid region, ribosomes, and a plasma membrane. Eukaryotic cells accept more highly developed cellular structures including organelles that support the function of the cell. Golgi apparatus and mitochondria are constitute in eukaryotic cells. Chloroplasts are establish in eukaryotic cells that contain chlorophyll, such every bit plants. Incorrect answer. Please choose another reply.

14.	What it is the proper noun given to specialized structures within cells responsible for carrying out specific functions such every bit providing energy and producing hormones?
		a. Mitiosis
		b. Apoptosis
		c. Archaeans
		d. Organelles
Organelles are specialized structures in cells that support the cellular functions. For case, mitochondria are organelles that synthesize energy; ribosomes synthesize protein; chloroplasts catechumen sunlight, carbon dioxide and h2o into oxygen and sugar. Incorrect answer. Please choose another answer.

15.	All of the following are similarities betwixt unicellular organisms and multicellular organisms, except _____________.
		a. Internal complexity
		b. Segmentation of labor
		c. Size
		d. Ecological relationships
Unicellular organisms are very small compared to most multicellular organisms. If they were as large as a multicellular organism, their surface surface area to volume ratio would exist as well low to support life. Staying pocket-sized gives unicellular organisms a high surface expanse to volume ratio. Surface area to volume ratio refers to the amount of surface surface area on the outside of the cell compared to the jail cell'south volume. Larger cells have less surface area compared to their volume. Molecules move into the cell, out of the cell and through the cell slowly through the prison cell membrane. Having a big surface area provides more infinite for molecules to diffuse across the cell membrane and less of a distance to travel inside the cell to supply organelles with materials needed for metabolism. Incorrect answer. Please cull some other answer.

16.	How many chromosomes does an individual human person have?
		a. 23
		b. 46
		c. 64
		d. 82
Humans have 46 chromosomes. Each parent contributes 23 chromosomes in a gamete (sex activity cell). When the gametes combine to form an embryo, the embryo then contains 2 sets of chromosomes, equal to a total of 46 chromosomes. Incorrect answer. Please choose some other answer.

17.	A multicellular organism is:
		a. A grouping of differentiated eukaryotic cells that piece of work together to back up the role of an organism
		b. A colony of single-celled organisms
		c. The simplest grade of life on Earth
		d. Only contains prokaryotic cells
Multicellular organisms include organisms with more than 1 eukaryotic cell. Animals and plants are all multicellular. All prokaryotic organisms are unicellular, meaning the entire organism consists of a single cell. At that place are some unicellular eukaryotic organisms, such equally protists and some fungi (yeast). Incorrect respond. Please cull another reply.

18.	The term thallus refers to the plant-like structure of which of the following organisms?
		a. Brownish algae
		b. Lichens
		c. Fungus
		d. Mold
Algae bodies that are plantlike, such every bit the structure of chocolate-brown algae, are referred to every bit a thallus. Where plants have roots, stems and leaves, a thallus consists of a holdfast (rootlike part), stipe (stemlike part), and blades (leaflike parts). Incorrect answer. Please cull another answer.

19.	Unmarried-celled protists with animal-similar behavior belong to the phylum ______________.
		a. Metazoa
		b. Porifera
		c. Protozoa
		d. Mollusca
Organisms in Kingdom Protista include eukaryotes that practice not share all of the characteristics of organisms in the kingdoms Animalia, Fungi or Plantae. Within Kingdom Protista are a group of protists that behave like animals. These unmarried-celled organisms are in the Phylum Protozoa. Protozoa include flagellates, ciliates, amoeba and sporozoans. Incorrect answer. Please cull some other respond.

xx.	The bodies of all insects take _______ major divisions.
		a. 2
		b. iii
		c. four
		d. v
The three major body parts of all insects (Class Insecta) are the head, thorax and abdomen. Many animals that are similar in size and appearance are mistaken for insects, such as ticks, mites and spiders. However, these creatures are in the Course Arachnida, not Class Insecta. Wrong reply. Please choose some other respond.

21.	Sterile female person beloved bees are called _________________.
		a. Drones
		b. Queen
		c. Guards
		d. Workers
Honey bees alive in a colony with a division of labor. The worker bees course the largest group of bees in the hive. They serve many different roles, such as removing dead bees, feeding baby drones, packing pollen, building the honeycomb, and taking care of the queen bee. The queen bee is the just fertile female bee in the colony. Worker bees remain infertile as long as the queen bee is alive. Incorrect answer. Please choose another reply.

22.	Which of the following organisms is a vertabrate?
		Frogs
		Insects
		Earthworms
		Ocean stars
Vertebrates are multicellular organisms in Kingdom Animalia. Vertebrates are animals with a backbone, and include mammals, birds, fish, reptiles and amphibians. Insects, earthworms and sea stars belong to a group of animals without a backbone, invertebrates. Wrong answer. Please choose another answer.

23.	Many animals protect themselves with an exoskeleton. Which of the following is an instance of an animal with an exoskeleton?
		a. Mollusk
		b. Bird
		c. Turtle
		d. Snake
Exoskeletons are skeletons located on the outside of an animal's trunk. They are used for protection and to back up the brute. Mollusks and insects are examples of animals with endoskeletons. Birds, turtles and snakes are all animals with endoskeletons. Endoskeletons are internal skeletons. Incorrect answer. Delight choose another answer.

24.	Locomotion in Metazoa is usually due to the contraction of what?
		a. Skeleton
		b. Muscle
		c. Skin
		d. Nerves
Organisms in Kingdom Animalia take muscles and fretfulness. If an animal can movement from ane place to another (known equally locomotion), it is doing then by contracting its muscles. Non all animals accept skin and/or a skeleton. Incorrect answer. Please choose another answer.

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25.	In normal sexual reproduction, ii mature gametes fuse to form a(due north) _____________.
		a. Gonad
		b. Ovary
		c. Embryogeny
		d. Zygote
Gametes are haploid cells, which means they contain half the number of chromosomes that body cells incorporate. Gametes are used in sexual reproduction to form an offspring. When two gametes fuse together during sexual reproduction, they form a zygote. Incorrect answer. Delight choose another answer.

26.	In humans, how practise the sex chromosomes differ between males and females?
		a. Males accept two Ten chromosomes and females have two Y chromosomes
		b. Females accept 2 X chromosomes and males have two Y chromosomes
		c. Males have ii X chromosomes and females one X chromosome and one Y chromosome
		d. Females have two X chromosomes and males one X chromosome and 1 Y chromosome
In humans, there are two sex chromosomes, referred to as "X" and "Y." Females have two X chromosomes in each torso cell and in each sex activity jail cell (gamete). Males accept one X chromosome and ane Y chromosome. If a person inherits ii X chromosomes, one from each parent, that person will develop into a female person. If a person inherits an X chromosome from the mother and a Y chromosome from the father, that person will develop into a male person. Incorrect answer. Delight choose another reply.

27.	Changes in the genetic makeup of an organism may be due to which of the following?
		a. New combinations of chromosomes
		b. Chromosome mutation
		c. Gene mututation
		d. All of the higher up
At that place are iii means genetic variation may have place: New combinations of chromosomes issue from sexual reproduction; chromosome mutation and gene mutation occur during mitosis and/or meiosis. Incorrect answer. Please choose another respond.

28.	The phrase "survival of the fittest" is an alternate phrase expressing which of the following principles?
		a. Natural Option
		b. Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics
		c. Mutation
		d. Mendelian Inheritance
"Survival of the fittest" is an expression used to describe natural selection. Natural selection takes place when organisms with the characteristics best suited for their environment survive and produce fertile offspring. The "fittest" in the phrase is referring to the organisms that have the characteristics that allow them to survive in their environment. In theory, these organisms will non only survive, just volition likewise reproduce. Their offspring will also have the characteristics that immune the parent to successfully survive. Over time, these characteristics volition go along to be passed on to futurity generations. Organisms that lack the characteristics to survive volition die before reproducing, and therefore, not laissez passer on the less desirable characteristics. Wrong answer. Please cull another answer.

29.	Which of the post-obit directly (every bit opposed to indirectly) supports Charles Darwin'due south theory of evolution?
		a. Testify from Paleontology
		b. Bear witness from Geographical Distribution
		c. Bear witness from Physiology
		d. Bear witness from Genetics
Genetic evidence is the about directly blazon of testify used to support the theory of evolution. Since adaptations are passed along genetically, from ane generation to some other, evidence for evolution tin can be collected by examining the genome of individuals of the same species and comparing it to genetic data of ancestral species, species of the same phylogenetic groups and/or common ancestors between several species. Incorrect respond. Please choose another answer.

30.	___________ occurs when organisms of different species mate and form offspring.
		Hybridization
		Interference
		Speciation
		Polyploidy
Hybridization occurs when individuals of different species mate and class offspring. The offspring are referred to as hybrids. In guild for hybridization to occur, the parents must be similar to each other. For case, a horse and a donkey tin can reproduce to grade a mule. However, a fly cannot mate with a bird to create a new organism. When hybridization occurs, the offspring are typically sterile. Wrong respond. Please choose another reply.

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