Given What You Have Read What Can You Infer About Mary Queen of Scots

1542: Mary'south birth

Mary's father was Rex James 5 of Scotland and her mother was Mary of Guise. They had two sons simply both died in infancy within hours of each other in 1541, earlier Mary was born.

Later on defeat at the Battle of Solway Moss in November 1542, James returned to Falkland Palace in Fife and went to bed with a loftier fever. On 8 December, a message came from Linlithgow Palace that his wife had given birth to a girl instead of the -to-be son. James believed that the Stuart dynasty was at an end – he feared that a adult female could not dominion his nation.

King James V died six days later and babe Mary became Queen of Scotland.

1543: The 'Rough Wooing'

Both Protestant England and Catholic France wanted Mary to ally a royal from their country in society to gain command over Scotland. Mary's great-uncle, Henry VIII, bundled for Mary to marry his son Edward, hoping that this would unite Scotland and England. All the same, many Scots opposed this treaty and bankrupt the agreement. Henry was furious and sent his ground forces to assail Scotland. The 'courtship' became known as the 'Rough Wooing'.

French troops helped the Scots to fight the English and information technology was agreed that Mary would ally the Dauphin (the eldest son of the French rex). Mary left for French republic when she was 6 years old.

1548: Mary's life in France

Mary was brought upward with the children of Male monarch Henri II of French republic in magnificent purple palaces, and became very close to Princess Elisabeth. Mary learned to speak French, Italian, Spanish and Latin. She was also taught to stitch, write poetry and to play musical instruments. Mary enjoyed riding and hunting in the French countryside.

In April 1558, at the age of 15, Mary married the 14-year-old Dauphin Francis in Notre Dame Cathedral, Paris. A year afterwards, King Henri died, and Mary became Queen of Scotland and France. However, her reign of France was brief, for in 1560 Francis became ill and died. The crown passed to his younger blood brother.

Mary's mother (who had ruled Scotland equally regent) had likewise died in 1560, and so Mary returned to Scotland in 1561. On xviii August, she sailed into Leith. Dressed in mourning, Mary and so travelled to the Palace of Holyroodhouse in a grand procession, where the way was lined with a auspicious crowd.

1565: Matrimony to Lord Darnley

For the next iv years, Mary was busy ruling Scotland. The imperial courtroom needed to travel effectually the country, meeting with lairds and other officials. Mary loved horse riding, dancing and hunting game. She likewise enjoyed sport and would play real lawn tennis when at Falkland Palace.

Mary needed to marry over again to have a kid who would be heir to the Scottish throne. Many princes, lords and nobles wanted to marry her, but then she met her cousin Lord Darnley. Mary immediately fell in dearest with him – he was tall, ambitious and good looking. They married on 29 July 1565 at Holyroodhouse.

Few people approved of her choice. Elizabeth I of England saw this marriage as Mary's attempt to strengthen her merits on the English language throne because Darnley had English language regal connections. It soon became obvious that Darnley had married Mary just to go the throne. Mary gave him the title of male monarch but kept all the existent power to herself; he resented this.

1566: The murder of Riccio (Rizzio)

Lord Darnley was jealous of Mary'south friend and advisor, David Riccio, since they spent a lot of time together. In March 1566, Mary had just begun supper with Riccio and some friends in Holyroodhouse, when Darnley came into her room with Lord Ruthven and other plotters. Lord Ruthven was dressed in armour. Riccio hid backside Mary but they pulled him out and stabbed him. He was dragged away screaming and was stabbed 56 times outside the room.

Mary and Darnley's son, James, was born 3 months later 19 June 1566.

1567: The murder of Lord Darnley

Just a few months later on his son was born, Darnley was recovering from an disease at a house near Edinburgh. Mary nursed him for a few days merely one evening (in February 1567) she went out. Soon after she left, the house was diddled up. The Earl of Bothwell'south messengers found Darnley and his retainer dead in the garden. Witnesses said that they heard Darnley pleading for mercy. He appeared to have been strangled.

At the time some people believed that Mary was involved. Others believed that the Earl of Bothwell and other conspirators had planned to blow up the business firm. Bothwell was asked many questions past the Scottish Parliament, but he was not accused of the killings. The identity of Darnley's killer(s) remains a mystery.

1567: Mary and the Earl of Bothwell

Mary was now very unpopular. It did not assist that she did not behave like a grieving widow – she was seen playing golf game at St Andrews only days after Darnley's death.

The Earl of Bothwell divorced his married woman and, just 3 months after Darnley's murder, Mary married Bothwell on 15 May 1567. This shocked many Scottish people, although some believed that Mary was forced to ally him.

Protestant nobles united against Mary and Bothwell, and eventually met Mary and Bothwell's army at the Boxing of Carberry Hill on fifteen June 1567. Mary surrendered, her troops deserted her and Bothwell fled. Mary was taken every bit a prisoner to Lochleven Castle.

Bothwell was captured and imprisoned in the Danish fortress of Drasholm. He was chained to a pillar half his height and then that he could not stand up upright, and was left for 10 years until he died.

Mary was placed in a cramped tower in Lochleven Castle, situated on an isle in Loch Leven. Mary was forced to abdicate and her young son was crowned Male monarch James VI of Scotland. James was in the intendance of the Earl of Mar, who had also been Mary's guardian. Whilst at Lochleven Mary miscarried the Earl of Bothwell'due south twins.

With help from a servant at the castle, her second attempt at escape was successful. Disguised in retainer clothing, she escaped to a waiting gunkhole and reached the shore safely, where an marry, George Douglas, was waiting. Mary managed to enhance an army but was defeated by her Scottish enemies at the Battle of Langside on xiii May 1568. In agony she fled to England and appealed to her cousin, Queen Elizabeth I of England, for help.

1568: Mary and Elizabeth

Elizabeth was the girl of Henry Eight of England and Anne Boleyn. She was the granddaughter of Henry 7.

Mary, daughter of James V of Scotland and Mary of Guise, was besides related to the English regal family unit equally she was the dandy-granddaughter of Henry VII.

Elizabeth was a Protestant and Mary was a Catholic. Some Catholics did not accept the union of Elizabeth's parents because it was a Protestant wedding. They idea that Mary should be queen instead.

Equally a result of an enquiry into Darnley's murder (subsequently thought to be based on forged letters), Mary was imprisoned by Queen Elizabeth I of England. She was kept prisoner in a number of different castles and chiliad houses for almost 19 years. Elizabeth treated Mary well but always had her guarded carefully. They never met.

During her years of imprisonment Mary had her ain servants, including a medico and a secretarial assistant. She enjoyed embroidery, played cards, had visitors and kept pets. But Mary longed for liberty and to be reunited with her son.

Equally a effect of numerous plots to set her complimentary, Mary was not immune to communicate past alphabetic character. In 1585 Mary institute a fashion to smuggle letters in a beer barrel. Sir Anthony Babington wrote to Mary and suggested that Elizabeth should exist killed, the Catholic organized religion restored in England and Mary become Queen of England. Mary agreed to this by a coded reply. Still, it was a trick set upwardly by Elizabeth's spy primary, Sir Francis Walsingham.

1586: The trial and execution of Mary

Mary was put on trial for high treason and found guilty on xv October 1586.

On eight February 1587 Mary was beheaded at the Great Hall of Fotheringhay Castle. She was dressed in black with a white veil, and carried a crucifix and writing book. Mary was led to the scaffold and prayers were read. Mary removed her dress to reveal a scarlet petticoat – recognised equally the colour of martyrdom.

After three blows of the axe Mary was dead. The executioner held her head up to the crowd in the hall. The caput cruel to the basis, leaving him holding a wig – Mary'due south real hair was sparse and grey. Some say that her dog was plant hiding under her skirts, covered in Mary's blood. Mary'due south wearing apparel, crucifix and writing book, along with the executioner'south block, were all burned in the courtyard and so no relics remained. Her trunk was embalmed and incarcerated in a heavy lead coffin which remained unburied in Fotheringhay Castle until 30 July 1587. It was and then taken, at dark for fear of public protest, to nearby Peterborough Cathedral.

1603: Marriage of the Crowns

Queen Elizabeth I of England died in 1603. She had no children. This meant that Mary's son, James VI of Scotland, too became James I of England, uniting the crowns of Scotland and England. The two parliaments remained split up. In 1612 James had Mary'south trunk moved to Westminster Abbey, the traditional burial ground for kings and queens.

Stay in impact

Keep up to date with the latest news from the Trust, ideas for great days out and the piece of work that nosotros do for the love of Scotland.

rogerscumpoing37.blogspot.com

Source: https://www.nts.org.uk/stories/mary-queen-of-scots

Share this post